Golden mbuna

Melanochromis auratus

A dark adult male with a pale stripe; yellow juveniles can look very different.

Colour changes with maturity; strong territorial aggression is its main drawback.

Adult length: Up to 11 cm (standard length, without the tail fin)
Water temperature: 24–28 °C
pH: 7.6–8.8
Hardness: 10–25 dGH

Native range: Africa: endemic to Lake Malawi.

Natural habitat: Inhabits rocky lake habitats.

Aggression can target conspecifics, females and weaker fish. Modest size does not make a safe community fish.

View comparison →

Appearance and identification

Mature males have dark flanks and a pale longitudinal line. Females and young fish are generally yellow with dark lines. Stressed males may lighten and older females may darken, so colour is not an absolute sex test.

Social behaviour and territory

More females cannot guarantee safety. Separate fish after persistent attacks, injuries or excluded feeders.

Compatibility limits

Similar congeners pose hybridisation concerns.

Space requirements

Allow a 120 × 45 cm base, 38 cm high.

Aquarium environment

Secure caves, break sightlines and retain escape routes; plants cannot replace territory space.

Diet and feeding

Offer suitable plant-rich complete foods and varied aquatic fare; check subordinate fish eat.

Sources