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Potamotrygon leopoldi — dorsal top-down AI illustration, head up, complete disc and tail down; not a photograph

Freshwater stingrays

15 species

Compare motoro and leopoldi markings, understand the two image views, and check what a ray measurement actually describes.

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Potamotrygon leopoldi — dorsal top-down AI illustration, head up, complete disc and tail down; not a photograph
White-blotched river stingray30–40 cm disc in one source · can grow largerCreamy spots stand out against a dark disc in this Xingu basin ray.
Heliotrygon gomesi — dorsal top-down AI illustration, head up, complete disc and tail down; not a photograph
Gomes’s round rayPictured specimen: 22.4 cm DW · typical adult unknownPlain grey-tan round disc, tiny eyes and a slender tail.
Heliotrygon rosai — dorsal top-down AI illustration, head up, complete disc and tail down; not a photograph
Rosa’s round rayMale holotype: 57.5 cm DW · typical size unknownFine cream-white vermiculations cover a grey-tan round disc.
Paratrygon aiereba — dorsal top-down AI illustration, head up, complete disc and tail down; not a photograph
Discus rayMale neotype:60.3cm DW · typical adult unknownConcave front margin and dark preorbital marks; recheck old discus-ray labels.
Plesiotrygon iwamae — dorsal top-down AI illustration, head up, complete disc and tail down; not a photograph
Long-tailed river stingrayRedescription: above65cm DW or DL · typical unknownA pale whip extends far beyond the oval disc and distinct spiracle.
Plesiotrygon nana — dorsal top-down AI illustration, head up, complete disc and tail down; not a photograph
Black-tailed antenna rayReported female:52.3cm DW · typical adult unknownRound snout, tiny spiracles and a long dark whip; dwarf is not a tank-size guarantee.
Potamotrygon albimaculata — dorsal top-down AI illustration, head up, complete disc and tail down; not a photograph
White-spotted Tapajós stingrayAdult female type: 50 cm DW · typical size unknownSmall pale spots on a dark disc, with broad rows of tail thorns.
Potamotrygon henlei — dorsal top-down AI illustration, head up, complete disc and tail down; not a photograph
Bigtooth river stingraySources: 45 or 60 cm DW · typical adult unknownSparse cream-yellow spots on a dark disc; distinguish similar black rays.
Potamotrygon jabuti — dorsal top-down AI illustration, head up, complete disc and tail down; not a photograph
Pearl stingrayAdult female type: 45.3 cm DW · typical size unknownSimple juvenile ocelli develop into elaborate golden adult marbling.
Potamotrygon motoro — dorsal top-down AI illustration, head up, complete disc and tail down; not a photograph
Ocellate river stingrayDisc can approach 61 cm · not TLOrange-yellow eyespots with dark rings on a brown-grey disc.
Potamotrygon orbignyi — dorsal top-down AI illustration, head up, complete disc and tail down; not a photograph
Smooth-back river stingrayTypical adult interval unresolved · conflicting recordsVariable fine reticulation and a dark mark behind the spiracle invite closer inspection.
Potamotrygon schroederi — dorsal top-down AI illustration, head up, complete disc and tail down; not a photograph
Rosette river stingrayCare-source large female: 54 cm DW · typical unknownYellow rosette clusters and a banded tail; check flower-ray trade identities.
Potamotrygon scobina — dorsal top-down AI illustration, head up, complete disc and tail down; not a photograph
Raspy river stingrayDatabase: 45 cm DL · not DW; typical adult unknownFine pale markings on brown, with a tapering tail; old complex labels need review.
Potamotrygon tigrina — dorsal top-down AI illustration, head up, complete disc and tail down; not a photograph
Tiger river stingrayTypical adult DW/TL unknownInterwoven yellow-orange markings and conspicuous distal tail bands.
Potamotrygon wallacei — dorsal top-down AI illustration, head up, complete disc and tail down; not a photograph
Cururu river stingrayRecorded disc width up to 31 cm · not TLBroad dark vermiculations outline pale patches, with dark bands on the tail.

Freshwater stingray types: markings, disc size and length

Start with the spots and background

Potamotrygon motoro is described with orange spots surrounded by dark rings. P. leopoldi contrasts pale spots with a dark background. Use those patterns to find candidates, not as a complete identification rule. Record the centre and border of a spot separately from the background, then check the scientific identity and other distinguishing information.

Two views of the same species

The gallery uses a view from above to show the disc pattern and full tail. The virtual aquarium uses a side view of the same species for the scene. These are two asset uses, not extra species. Choose the view that answers your question, and do not treat a feature hidden by the viewing angle as absent.

Read the measurement before comparing the number

Disc width, disc length and total length are different measurements. Check the unit, life stage and source before comparing sizes. Usable floor space also needs consideration when assessing an enclosure. This article does not estimate adult measurements from image proportions or convert the size of an aquarium exhibit animal into a minimum home tank.

Look beyond the attractive pattern

The motoro reference identifies venomous tail barbs, a material consideration for keeping and maintenance. Practical handling needs reliable specialist guidance; this gallery is not a catching or hand-contact tutorial. Continue to the profiles for identity, size and sourced requirements. A calm virtual scene does not establish safe tankmates or adequate space, feeding and maintenance.

Sources

aqua.org/explore/animals/orange-spot-freshwater-stingray

aqua.org/explore/animals/white-blotched-river-stingray

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